Scientific classification:

Kingdom : Plantae
(unranked) : Angiosperms
(unranked) : Monocots
Order : Asparagales
Family : Orchidaceae
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Vandeae
Subtribe : Aeridinae
Alliance : Phalaenopsis Blume
Genus : Phalaenopsis
(Blume 1825)

The generic name means "Phalaen[a]-like" and is probably a reference to the genus Phalaena, the name given by Carolus Linnaeus to a group of large moths; the flowers of some species supposedly resemble moths in flight. For this reason, the species are sometimes called Moth orchids.

They are native throughout southeast Asia from the Himalayan mountains to the islands of Polillo, Palawan and Zamboanga del Norte in the island of Mindanao in the Philippines and northern Australia. Orchid Island of Taiwan is named after this genus. Little recent information about their habitat and their ecology in nature is available since little field research has been done in the last decades.


Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Moon Orchid)
Most are epiphytic shade plants; a few are lithophytes. In the wild, some species grow below the canopies of moist and humid lowland forests, protected against direct sunlight; others grow in seasonally dry or cool environments. The species have adapted individually to these three habitats.

Possessing neither pseudobulbs nor rhizome, Phalaenopsis shows a Monopodial growth habit: a single growing stem produces one or two alternate, thick, fleshy, elliptical leaves a year from the top while the older, basal leaves drop off at the same rate. If very healthy, a Phalaenopsis plant can have up to ten or more leaves. The inflorescence, either a raceme or panicle, appears from the stem between the leaves. They bloom in their full glory for several weeks. If kept in the home, the flowers may last two to three months.

Some Phalaenopsis species in Malaysia are known to use subtle weather cues to coordinate mass flowering.

Species

Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid; East Malaysia to Papuasia)
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. amabilis (East Malaysia to Papuasia).
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. amabilis forma Grandiflora (the Philippines - Palawan island).
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. moluccana (Northeastern Borneo to the Moluccas).
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. rosenstromii (New Guinea to Queensland).
Phalaenopsis amboinensis (Sulawesi to the Moluccas).
Phalaenopsis amboinensis var. amboinensis (the Moluccas).
Phalaenopsis amboinensis var. flavida (Sulawesi)
Pink Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Southeastern Taiwan to the Philippines).
Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. aphrodite (the Philippines).
Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana (Southeastern Taiwan).
Phalaenopsis appendiculata (Malaya to northeastern Borneo).
Phalaenopsis bastianii (the Philippines - Luzon).
Phalaenopsis bellina (Borneo).
Phalaenopsis borneensis (Borneo).
Phalaenopsis braceana (Eastern Himalayas to China - Yunnan).
Phalaenopsis buyssoniana (Indochina)
Phalaenopsis celebensis (Sulawesi)
Phalaenopsis chibae (Vietnam)
Phalaenopsis cochlearis (Malaya to Borneo)
Phalaenopsis corningiana (Borneo)
Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Indochina to southern Philippines)
Phalaenopsis deliciosa (Indian subcontinent to Malesia)
Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. deliciosa (Indian subcontinent to Malesia)
Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. hookeriana (Eastern Himalayas to southwestern China)
Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. philippinensis (the Philippines)
Phalaenopsis dowery?nsis (Northeastern Borneo).
Phalaenopsis equestris (Taiwan - Hsiao Lan Y? to the Philippines)
Phalaenopsis equestris var. alba
Phalaenopsis equestris var. aurantiacum
Phalaenopsis equestris f. aurea (synonym of the accepted name Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f.,, 1850 )
Phalaenopsis equestris var. coerulea
Phalaenopsis equestris f. cyanochila (synonym of the accepted name Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f.,, 1850 )
Phalaenopsis equestris var. leucaspis
Phalaenopsis equestris var. leucotanthe
Phalaenopsis equestris var. rosea (synonym of the accepted name Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f.,, 1850 )
Phalaenopsis fasciata (the Philippines).
Phalaenopsis fimbriata (Sumatra, Java and Borneo).
Phalaenopsis floresensis (Lesser Sunda Islands).
Phalaenopsis fuscata (Borneo to Philippines - Palawan island)
Phalaenopsis gibbosa (Vietnam).
Phalaenopsis cultivars
Phalaenopsis gigantea (Borneo to Java).
Phalaenopsis hainanensis (China - Hainan and Yunnan).
Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica (the Philippines - Luzon, Leyte, Samar, Palawan, and Mindanao islands).
Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica var. Alba
Phalaenopsis honghenensis (China - Yunnan).
Phalaenopsis inscriptiosinensis (Central Sumatra
Phalaenopsis javanica (Western Java).
Phalaenopsis kunstleri (Myanmar to Malaya).
Phalaenopsis lamelligera (Northeastern Borneo).
Phalaenopsis lindenii (the Philippines - Luzon island).
Phalaenopsis lindenii var. alba
Phalaenopsis lobbii (Eastern Himalayas to Myanmar).
Phalaenopsis lowii (Southern Myanmar to western Thailand).
Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana (the Philippines).
Phalaenopsis Mambo (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana var. delicata
Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana var. ochracea
Phalaenopsis luteola (Northwestern Borneo).
Phalaenopsis maculata (Malaya to Borneo).
Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen (China - Yunnan)
Phalaenopsis mannii (Eastern Himalayas to China - Yunnan).
Phalaenopsis mariae (Northeastern Borneo to the Philippines - Mindanao).
Phalaenopsis micholitzii (the Philippines - Mindanao island).
Phalaenopsis modesta (Borneo).
Phalaenopsis mysorensis (Indian subcontinent).
Phalaenopsis pallens (the Philippines - Luzon and Mindanao islands).
Phalaenopsis pantherina (Borneo).
Phalaenopsis parishii (Eastern Himalayas to Myanmar).
Phalaenopsis petelotii (Vietnam)
Phalaenopsis philippinensis (the Philippines - Luzon island).
Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Indochina to Borneo). Formerly classified as Doritis.
Phalaenopsis pulchra (the Philippines - Luzon island).
Phalaenopsis pulchra var. Alba
Phalaenopsis regnieriana (Indochina).
Phalaenopsis reichenbachiana (the Philippines - Mindanao island).
Phalaenopsis Nivacolor (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis robinsonii (the Moluccas).
Phalaenopsis sanderiana (the Philippines - Mindanao island).
Phalaenopsis sanderiana var. Alba
Phalaenopsis sanderiana var. Marmorata
Phalaenopsis schilleriana (the Philippines - Luzon, Mindoro, and Biliran islands).
Phalaenopsis schilleriana var. immaculata
Phalaenopsis speciosa (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).
Phalaenopsis stobartiana (China - southeastern Tibet to Guangxi)
Phalaenopsis stuartiana (the Philippines - Mindanao island).
Phalaenopsis stuartiana var. nobilis
Phalaenopsis stuartiana var. punctatissima
Phalaenopsis sumatrana (Indochina, Borneo to Philippines - Palawan island).
Phalaenopsis taenialis (Eastern Himalayas to China - Yunnan)
Phalaenopsis tetraspis (Andaman and Nicobar Islands to northwestern Sumatra).
Phalaenopsis venosa (Sulawesi).
Phalaenopsis violacea (Malaya to Sumatra).).
Phalaenopsis viridis (Sumatra).
Phalaenopsis wilsonii (China - southeastern Tibet to Guangxi).
Phalaenopsis zebrina (Borneo).

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Scientific classification
Kingdom : Plantae
(unranked) : Angiosperms
(unranked) : Monocots
Order : Asparagales
Family : Orchidaceae
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Vandeae
Subtribe : Aeridinae
Genus : Vanda

The name "Vanda" is derived from the Sanskrit name for the species Vanda tessellata.
These mostly epiphytic, but sometimes lithophytic or Terrestrial Orchids are distributed in India, Himalaya, SE Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, southern China and northern Australia.

The genus has a Monopodial growth habit with leaves that are highly variable according to habitat. Some have flat, typically broad, ovoid leaves (strap-leaves), while others have cylindrical (terete), fleshy leaves and are adapted to dry periods. The stems of these orchids vary considerably in size; there are miniature plants and plants with a length of several meters.

There are few to many flattened flowers growing on a lateral inflorescence. Most show a yellow-brown color with brown markings, but they also appear in white, green, orange, red and burgundy shades. The lip has a small spur. Vandas usually bloom every few months and the flowers last for two to three weeks.

This genus is one of the five most horticulturally important orchid genera, because it has some of the most magnificent flowers to be found in the entire Orchid family. This has contributed much to the work of hybridists producing flowers for the cut flower market. Vanda coerulea is one of the few botanical orchids with blue flowers (actually a very bluish purple), a property much appreciated for producing interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. Vanda dearei is one of the chief sources of yellow color in Vanda hybrids.

Many Vanda orchids (especially Vanda coerulea) are endangered, because of habitat destruction. The export of wild-collected specimens of the Blue Orchid (Vanda coerulea) and other wild Vandas is prohibited worldwide, as all orchids are listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.

Species

Vanda alpina (Himalaya to China - S. Yunnan).
Vanda arbuthnotiana (India).
Vanda arcuata (Indonesia - Sulawesi).
Vanda bensonii (Assam to Thailand).
Vanda bicolor (Bhutan).
Vanda bidupensis (Vietnam).
Vanda brunnea (China - Yunnan to Indo-China).
Vanda celebica (Indonesia – Sulawesi).
Vanda chlorosantha (Bhutan).
Vanda coerulea : "Blue Orchid" (Assam to China - S. Yunnan)
Vanda coerulescens (Arunachal Pradesh to China - S. Yunnan).
Vanda concolor (S. China to Vietnam).
Vanda cristata (Himalaya to China - NW. Yunnan).
Vanda dearei (Borneo).
Vanda denisoniana (China - Yunnan to N. Indo-China).
Vanda devoogtii (Sulawesi).
Vanda flabellata (Rolfe ex Downie) Christenson, 1985
Vanda foetida (S. Sumatra).
Vanda furva (Java, Maluku).
Vanda fuscoviridis (S. China to Vietnam).
Vanda griffithii (E. Himalaya).
Vanda hastifera (Borneo).
Vanda hastifera var. gibbsiae (N. Borneo).
Vanda hastifera var. hastifera (Borneo).
Vanda helvola (W. Malaysia to Philippines).
Vanda hindsii (Papuasia to N. Queensland).
Vanda insignis (Lesser Sunda Is.).
Vanda jainii (Assam).
Vanda javierae (Philippines - Luzon).
Vanda jennae P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm., 2005
Vanda lamellata (Taiwan (to Philippines, North Borneo)
Vanda lamellata var. boxallii
Vanda lamellata var. calayana (synonym of the accepted name Vanda lamellata var. lamellata).
Vanda lamellata var. flava
Vanda lamellata var. lamellata
Vanda lamellata var. remediosae (synonym of the accepted name Vanda lamellata var. boxallii Rchb.f. )
Vanda leucostele (N. & W. Sumatra).
Vanda lilacina (China - Yunnan to Indo-China).
Vanda limbata (Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines - Mindanao).
Vanda lindenii (Maluku). (synonym of the accepted name Vanda furva (L.) Lindl. )
Vanda liouvillei (Assam to Indo-China).
Vanda lombokensis (Lesser Sunda Is.).
Vanda luzonica (Philippines - Luzon).
Vanda merrillii (Philippines).
Vanda merrillii var. immaculata (synonym of the accepted name Vanda merrillii Ames & Quisumb. )
Vanda merrillii var. Rotorii (synonym of the accepted name Vanda merrillii Ames & Quisumb. )
Vanda metusalae P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm. (2008)
Vanda petersiana (Myanmar).
Vanda pumila (Nepal to Hainan and N. Sumatra).
Vanda punctata (Pen. Malaysia).
Vanda roeblingiana (Philippines - Luzon).
Vanda sanderiana (now synonym of Euanthe sanderiana)
Vanda scandens (Borneo, Philippines - Mindanao).
Vanda spathulata (India -Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka).
Vanda stangeana (India - Arunachal Pradesh to Assam).
Vanda subconcolor (China - SW. Yunnan to Hainan).
Vanda subconcolor var. disticha (Hainan). (synonym of the accepted name Vanda subconcolor Tang & F.T.Wang , 1974)
Vanda sumatrana (Sumatra).
Vanda tessellata (Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China).
Vanda testacea (Indian Subcontinent to SC. China).
Vanda thwaitesii (S.India, Sri Lanka).
Vanda tricolor (Laos, Java to Bali).
Vanda ustii (Philippines - Luzon).
Vanda vipanii (Myanmar).
Vanda wightii (S. India).

References.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanda
Grove, D. L. 1995. Vandas and Ascocendas. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 241 pp.
Motes, Martin R., and Alan L. Hoffman. 1997 Vandas, Their botany, history and culture.

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Scientific Classification:

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Magnoliophyta
(unranked) : Monocots
Order : Asparagales
Family : Orchidaceae
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Podochilaeae
Subtribe : Dendrobiinae
Genus : Dendrobium.

Dendrobium species are either epiphytic, or occasionally lithophytic. They have adapted to a wide variety of habitats, from the high altitudes in the Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.

This genus of sympodial orchids develop pseudobulbs, which vary in length from a few centimetres (e.g. Dendrobium cuthbertsonii) to two metres long (e.g. Dendrobium pulchellum). Most grow into long reedlike stems. Some appear densely covered with short white or black hairs (Dendrobium infundibulum).

In selected species, the short, ovate leaves grow alternately over the whole length of the stems, in others, the leaves are bunched towards the apex of the stem (e.g. Dendrobium tetragonum). The axillary inflorescence vary in length from insignificant to 1m long, and can carry from a few (1-4) (e.g. Dendrobium nobile) to as many as 100 (e.g. Dendrobium speciosum) flowers. Deciduous species carry their leaves for one to two years then typically flower on leafless canes, while canes of evergreen species usually flower in the second year and can continue to flower for a number of years (e.g. Dendrobium densiflorum).

These Orchids grow quickly throughout summer, but take a rest during winter. Dormant buds erupt into shoots from the base of the pseudobulb mainly in spring, and a few species in autumn. This is then followed by rapid growth of new roots. Reproduction is usually through seed, but a few species reproduce asexually through keikis produced along the stem, usually after flowering and sometimes as a result of injury to the growing tip.

Selected species

Dendrobium amethystoglossum– Amethyst Tongued Dendrobium.
Dendrobium anosmum – Unscented Dendrobium - misnomer.
Dendrobium auriculatum – Eared Dendrobium.
Dendrobium bicaudatum – Two-tailed Dendrobium.
Dendrobium bukidnonensis– Bukidnon Dendrobium.
Dendrobium bullenianum – Bullen's Orange Dendrobium.
Dendrobium candidum.
Dendrobium cariniferum.
Dendrobium ceraula – Horned Dendrobium.
Dendrobium cerinum.
Dendrobium chameleon – Chameleon-like Dendrobium.
Dendrobium chrysanthum.
Dendrobium conanthum.
Dendrobium crumenatum – Pigeon Orchid, Sparrow Orchid, Bag-shaped Dendrobium, "dove orchid".
Dendrobium cuthbertsonii – Cuthbertson's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium dearei – Deare's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium erosum.
Dendrobium fairchildae – Fairchild's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium formosum.
Dendrobium gerlandianum.
Dendrobium gibsonii.
Dendrobium goldschmidtianum – Goldschmidt's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium guerreroi – Guerrero's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium hercoglossum.
Dendrobium heterocarpum – Different fruits Dendrobium.
Dendrobium hymenophyllum.
Dendrobium ionopus – Violet scented Dendrobium.
Dendrobium junceum Philippine endemic.
Dendrobium kingianum – Pink Rock Orchid, Captain King's Dendrobium, Pink Rock Lily (sometimes separated in Thelychiton).
Dendrobium lindleyi – Lindley's Dendrobium (formerly D. aggregatum).
Dendrobium lituiflorum.
Dendrobium loddigesii – Loddiges' Dendrobium.
Dendrobium macrophyllum – Large leafed Dendrobium.
Dendrobium mindanaense – Mindanao island Dendrobium.
Dendrobium miyasakii – Miyaki's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium nobile – Noble Dendrobium.
Dendrobium papilio – Butterfly Dendrobium.
Dendrobium parthenium.
Dendrobium phalaenopsis – Cooktown Orchid (formerly D. bigibbum var. phalaenopsis, D. bigibbum var. superbum) - now classified as Vappodes phalaenopsis.
Dendrobium philippinensis– Philippine Dendrobium.
Dendrobium phillippsii – Phillips' Dendrobium.
Dendrobium platycaulon – Flat Cane Dendrobium.
Dendrobium profusum – Profused' Dendrobium.
Dendrobium ramosii – Ramos' Dendrobium.
Dendrobium sanderae – Sander's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium schuetzei – Schuetz's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium secundum.
Dendrobium seratilabium – Serrated Lip Dendrobium.
Dendrobium sinense.
Dendrobium speciosum – Outstanding Dendrobium, King Orchid, Rock Lily.
Dendrobium taurinum – Bulls Head Dendrobium.
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum.
Dendrobium thysanophorum.
Dendrobium uniflorum – Single flowered Dendrobium.
Dendrobium velutinalabrum.
Dendrobium victoriae -reginae – Queen Victoria's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium wenzellii – Wenzell's Dendrobium.
Dendrobium yeagerei – Yeager's Dendrobium.


From wikipedia, The free ensyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobium)

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Classification :

King : Plantae.
Division : Magnoliophyta.
Class : Liliopsida.
Ordo : Asparagales.
Family : Orchidaceae.
Upfamily : Epidendroideae.
Race : Cymbidieae.
UpRace : Cyrtopodinase.
Genus : Cymbidium ( Swartz 1799 ).

Species included in Cymbidium Orchids.

. Cymbidum aestivum.
. Cymbidium aliciae.
. Cymbidium aloifolium.
. Cymbidium atropurpureum.
. Cymbidium bicolor.
. Cymbidium borneense.
. Cymbidium canaliculatum.
. Cymbidium chawalongense.
. Cymbidium chlorantum.
. Cymbidium cochhleare.
. Cymbidium cyperifolium.
. Cymbidium dayanum.
. Cymbidium defoliatum.
. Cymbidium devonianum.
. Cymbidium ebumeum.
. Cymbidium elongatum.
. Cymbidium ensifolium.
. Cymbidium erythaeum.
. Cymbidium erythrostylum.
. Cymbidium faberi.
. Cymbidium finlaysonianum.
. Cymbidium flavum.
. Cymbidium floribundum.
. Cymbidium georingii.
. Cymbidium gongshanense.
. Cymbidium hartinahianum.
. Cymbidium hookerianum.
. Cymbidium insigne.
. Cymbidium iridioides.
. Cymbidium kanran.
. Cymbidium lancifollium.
. Cymbidium longifollium.
. Cymbidium lowianum.
. Cymbidium macrorhizom.
. Cymbidium madidum.
. Cymbidium mastersii.
. Cymbidium micramthum.
. Cymbidium multiradicatum.
. Cymbidium munronianum.
. Cymbidium nanulum.
. Cymbidium parishii.
. Cymbidium quibeiense.
. Cymbidium rectum.
. Cymbidium roseum.
. Cymbidium sanderae.
. Cymbidium schroederi.
. Cymbidium sigmoideum.
. Cymbidium sinense.
. Cymbidium suave.
. Cymbidium suavissimum.
. Cymbidium teratipetiolatum.
. Cymbidium tigrinum.
. Cymbidium tracyanum.
. Cymbidium wenshanense.
. Cymbidium whiteae.
. Cymbidium wilsinii.

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